diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
index 772681c29b..fdc87e9b56 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
 
       - name: Check Out Repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         uses: docker/login-action@v2
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 11302f6a89..bd0018d779 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ repos:
     -   id: isort
         args: ["--profile", "black", "--filter-files"]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.6.0
+    rev: v3.21.2
     hooks:
     -   id: pyupgrade
 -   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
index 8c10866c76..f3e4972a47 100755
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ endif
 	@cd main; $(MAKE) clean
 	@rm -fr bin lib
 
-clean: clean-light clean-test python_clean clean-debian
+clean: clean-light clean-test clean-debian
 	@echo "    CLEAN libvtkfortran"
 	@cd libvtkfortran; $(MAKE) clean
 	@echo "    CLEAN libjudy"
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ install: default fltools
 	cp -R schemas $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/fluidity/
 	mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/diamond/schemata
 	$(SED) 's/$${datadir}/$(subst /,\/,$(datadir))/g' schemas/flml.in > $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/diamond/schemata/flml
-	cd python ; python3 setup.py install --root=$(shell echo ${DESTDIR} | sed 's/^$$/\//') --prefix="$(prefix)" $$FLUIDITY_PYTHON_INSTALL_ARGS
+	cd python ; python3 -m pip install --root=$(shell echo ${DESTDIR} | sed 's/^$$/\//') --prefix="$(prefix)" $$FLUIDITY_PYTHON_INSTALL_ARGS .
 	cp -R examples $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/fluidity
 	find $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/fluidity/examples -type f -exec $(SED) -i "s/\.\.\/\.\.\/\.\.\/bin\///" '{}' \;
 	find $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/fluidity/examples -type f -exec $(SED) -i "s/\.\.\/\.\.\/bin\///" '{}' \;
diff --git a/climatology/Makefile.in b/climatology/Makefile.in
index 98eef68ae6..186af045e6 100644
--- a/climatology/Makefile.in
+++ b/climatology/Makefile.in
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ LINKER = $(CXX)
 CXXFLAGS = -I../include @CXXFLAGS@ @CPPFLAGS@
 
 LFLAGS   = @LDFLAGS@
-LIBS = -L../lib/ @LIBS@ @FLIBS@ @LAPACK_LIBS@
+LIBS = -L../lib/ @LIBS@
 
 .SUFFIXES: .cpp .o
 
diff --git a/femtools/embed_python.c b/femtools/embed_python.c
index 0de35faac6..1050044337 100644
--- a/femtools/embed_python.c
+++ b/femtools/embed_python.c
@@ -43,6 +43,17 @@ USA
 #ifdef HAVE_NUMPY
 #define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
 #include "numpy/arrayobject.h"
+
+static int ensure_numpy_api(void) {
+  if (PyArray_API != NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+#if NPY_ABI_VERSION < 0x02000000
+  return _import_array();
+#else
+  return PyArray_ImportNumPyAPI();
+#endif
+}
 #endif
 
 void deallocate_c_array(void *ptr) {
@@ -448,7 +459,11 @@ void set_tensor_field_from_python(char *function, int function_len, int dim,
   *stat = 1;
   return;
 #else
-  import_array();
+  if (ensure_numpy_api() < 0) {
+    PyErr_Print();
+    *stat = 1;
+    return;
+  }
 
   set_field_from_python(function, function_len, dim, nodes, NULL, x, y, z, t, NULL, stat,
 			result_dim, (void**)&result, set_tensor_result_double, NULL);
@@ -637,7 +652,11 @@ void set_field_from_python_fields(char *function, int function_len, int dim, int
 #else
   PyObject *pLocals, *pFunc, *pNames, *pT, *pdT, *pPos, *pArgs, *pKwArgs, *pResult;
 
-  import_array();
+  if (ensure_numpy_api() < 0) {
+    PyErr_Print();
+    *stat = 1;
+    return;
+  }
 
   // load the user's function as a Python object -- borrows locals
   pLocals = PyDict_New();
diff --git a/femtools/python_statec.c b/femtools/python_statec.c
index bf584012e0..f3e46af589 100644
--- a/femtools/python_statec.c
+++ b/femtools/python_statec.c
@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
 #define ALLOW_IMPORT_ARRAY
 #include "python_statec.h"
 
+#ifdef HAVE_NUMPY
+static int ensure_numpy_api(void) {
+  if (PyArray_API != NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+#if NPY_ABI_VERSION < 0x02000000
+  return _import_array();
+#else
+  return PyArray_ImportNumPyAPI();
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
 #define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
 #define PyString_FromString PyUnicode_FromString
@@ -47,7 +60,11 @@ void python_init_(void){
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_NUMPY
   // Enable use of NumPy arrays in C
-  import_array();
+  if (ensure_numpy_api() < 0) {
+    PyErr_Print();
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error: Initializing the NumPy C API failed.\n");
+    return;
+  }
 
   // Import the NumPy module in our Python interpreter
   if(PyRun_SimpleString("import numpy") == -1)