CI-windows.yml: cleaned up and sped up `build_qt` job #20417

Job	Run time
build_make (ubuntu:25.10)	5m 23s
build_make (ubuntu:24.04)	3m 3s
build_cmake (ubuntu:24.04, true, true)	5m 1s
build_make (alpine:3.23)	4m 39s
build_cmake (alpine:3.23, false, false)	4m 25s
build_cmake (ubuntu:25.10, true, true)	2m 54s
	25m 25s

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