Add state-of-tic-tac-toe (#4080)

* Add `state-of-tic-tac-toe`

* Update config.json

Reduced difficulty of `eluids-eggs` and re-ordered exercises.

---------

Co-authored-by: BethanyG <BethanyG@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: BNAndras

config.json

@@ -668,6 +668,21 @@
         ],
         "difficulty": 2
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "eliuds-eggs",
+        "name": "Eliud's Eggs",
+        "uuid": "356e2d29-7efc-4fa3-bec7-8b61c3e967da",
+        "practices": ["loops"],
+        "prerequisites": [
+            "basics",
+            "lists",
+            "list-methods",
+            "loops",
+            "strings",
+            "string-methods"
+        ],
+        "difficulty": 2
+      },
       {
         "slug": "protein-translation",
         "name": "Protein Translation",
@@ -970,17 +985,14 @@
         "difficulty": 3
       },
       {
-        "slug": "eliuds-eggs",
-        "name": "Eliud's Eggs",
-        "uuid": "356e2d29-7efc-4fa3-bec7-8b61c3e967da",
+        "slug": "state-of-tic-tac-toe",
+        "name": "State of Tic-Tac-Toe",
+        "uuid": "cb40b36f-f7dc-4018-aad5-38976defb352",
         "practices": ["loops"],
         "prerequisites": [
-            "basics",
-            "lists",
-            "list-methods",
-            "loops",
-            "strings",
-            "string-methods"
+          "conditionals",
+          "lists",
+          "loops"
         ],
         "difficulty": 3
       },

exercises/practice/state-of-tic-tac-toe/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# Instructions
+
+In this exercise, you're going to implement a program that determines the state of a [tic-tac-toe][] game.
+(_You may also know the game as "noughts and crosses" or "Xs and Os"._)
+
+The game is played on a 3×3 grid.
+Players take turns to place `X`s and `O`s on the grid.
+The game ends when one player has won by placing three of marks in a row, column, or along a diagonal of the grid, or when the entire grid is filled up.
+
+In this exercise, we will assume that `X` starts.
+
+It's your job to determine which state a given game is in.
+
+There are 3 potential game states:
+
+- The game is **ongoing**.
+- The game ended in a **draw**.
+- The game ended in a **win**.
+
+If the given board is invalid, throw an appropriate error.
+
+If a board meets the following conditions, it is invalid:
+
+- The given board cannot be reached when turns are taken in the correct order (remember that `X` starts).
+- The game was played after it already ended.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Ongoing game
+
+```text
+   |   |
+ X |   |
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+   | X | O
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+ O | X |
+   |   |
+```
+
+### Draw
+
+```text
+   |   |
+ X | O | X
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+ X | X | O
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+ O | X | O
+   |   |
+```
+
+### Win
+
+```text
+   |   |
+ X | X | X
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+   | O | O
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+   |   |
+   |   |
+```
+
+### Invalid
+
+#### Wrong turn order
+
+```text
+   |   |
+ O | O | X
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+   |   |
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+   |   |
+   |   |
+```
+
+#### Continued playing after win
+
+```text
+   |   |
+ X | X | X
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+ O | O | O
+___|___|___
+   |   |
+   |   |
+   |   |
+```
+
+[tic-tac-toe]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe

exercises/practice/state-of-tic-tac-toe/.meta/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "BNAndras"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "state_of_tic_tac_toe.py"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "state_of_tic_tac_toe_test.py"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/example.py"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Determine the game state of a match of Tic-Tac-Toe.",
+  "source": "Created by Sascha Mann for the Julia track of the Exercism Research Experiment.",
+  "source_url": "https://github.com/exercism/research_experiment_1/tree/julia-dev/exercises/julia-1-a"
+}

exercises/practice/state-of-tic-tac-toe/.meta/example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+def gamestate(board):
+    def check_if_won(player):
+        # Rows
+        for row in board:
+            if all(cell == player for cell in row):
+                return True
+
+        # Cols
+        for col in range(3):
+            if all(board[row][col] == player for row in range(3)):
+                return True
+
+        # top left to bottom right
+        if all(board[i][i] == player for i in range(3)):
+            return True
+
+        # top right to bottom left
+        if all(board[i][2-i] == player for i in range(3)):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    x_count = sum(row.count("X") for row in board)
+    o_count = sum(row.count("O") for row in board)
+
+    if o_count > x_count:
+        raise ValueError("Wrong turn order: O started")
+    if x_count > o_count + 1:
+        raise ValueError("Wrong turn order: X went twice")
+
+    x_won = check_if_won("X")
+    o_won = check_if_won("O")
+
+    if x_won and o_won:
+        raise ValueError("Impossible board: game should have ended after the game was won")
+
+    if x_won:
+        if x_count == o_count:
+            raise ValueError("Impossible board: game should have ended after the game was won")
+        return "win"
+
+    if o_won:
+        if x_count > o_count:
+            raise ValueError("Impossible board: game should have ended after the game was won")
+        return "win"
+
+    if x_count + o_count == 9:
+        return "draw"
+
+    return "ongoing"

exercises/practice/state-of-tic-tac-toe/.meta/template.j2

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{% import "generator_macros.j2" as macros with context %}
+{{ macros.canonical_ref() }}
+
+{{ macros.header() }}
+
+{% macro test_case(case) -%}
+    def test_{{ case["description"]|to_snake }}(self):
+        board = [
+            {% for row in case["input"]["board"] -%}
+            "{{ row }}",
+            {% endfor -%}
+        ]
+        {%- if case is error_case %}
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            {{ case["property"]|to_snake }}(board)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.args[0], "{{ case["expected"]["error"] }}")
+        {%- else %}
+        self.assertEqual({{ case["property"]|to_snake }}(board), "{{ case["expected"] }}")
+        {%- endif %}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+class {{ exercise|camel_case }}Test(unittest.TestCase):
+    {%- for category in cases %}
+    {%- for case in category["cases"] %}
+    {{ test_case(case) }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {%- endfor %}

exercises/practice/state-of-tic-tac-toe/.meta/tests.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# This is an auto-generated file.
+#
+# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
+# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
+# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
+# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
+# - Preserve any other key/value pair
+#
+# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
+# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
+
+[fe8e9fa9-37af-4d7e-aa24-2f4b8517161a]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via left column victory"
+
+[96c30df5-ae23-4cf6-bf09-5ef056dddea1]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via middle column victory"
+
+[0d7a4b0a-2afd-4a75-8389-5fb88ab05eda]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via right column victory"
+
+[bd1007c0-ec5d-4c60-bb9f-1a4f22177d51]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where O won via left column victory"
+
+[c032f800-5735-4354-b1b9-46f14d4ee955]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where O won via middle column victory"
+
+[662c8902-c94a-4c4c-9d9c-e8ca513db2b4]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where O won via right column victory"
+
+[2d62121f-7e3a-44a0-9032-0d73e3494941]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via top row victory"
+
+[108a5e82-cc61-409f-aece-d7a18c1beceb]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via middle row victory"
+include = false
+
+[346527db-4db9-4a96-b262-d7023dc022b0]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via middle row victory"
+reimplements = "108a5e82-cc61-409f-aece-d7a18c1beceb"
+
+[a013c583-75f8-4ab2-8d68-57688ff04574]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via bottom row victory"
+
+[2c08e7d7-7d00-487f-9442-e7398c8f1727]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where O won via top row victory"
+
+[bb1d6c62-3e3f-4d1a-9766-f8803c8ed70f]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where O won via middle row victory"
+
+[6ef641e9-12ec-44f5-a21c-660ea93907af]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where O won via bottom row victory"
+
+[ab145b7b-26a7-426c-ab71-bf418cd07f81]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via falling diagonal victory"
+
+[7450caab-08f5-4f03-a74b-99b98c4b7a4b]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via rising diagonal victory"
+
+[c2a652ee-2f93-48aa-a710-a70cd2edce61]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where O won via falling diagonal victory"
+
+[5b20ceea-494d-4f0c-a986-b99efc163bcf]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where O won via rising diagonal victory"
+
+[035a49b9-dc35-47d3-9d7c-de197161b9d4]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via a row and a column victory"
+
+[e5dfdeb0-d2bf-4b5a-b307-e673f69d4a53]
+description = "Won games -> Finished game where X won via two diagonal victories"
+
+[b42ed767-194c-4364-b36e-efbfb3de8788]
+description = "Drawn games -> Draw"
+
+[227a76b2-0fef-4e16-a4bd-8f9d7e4c3b13]
+description = "Drawn games -> Another draw"
+
+[4d93f15c-0c40-43d6-b966-418b040012a9]
+description = "Ongoing games -> Ongoing game: one move in"
+
+[c407ae32-4c44-4989-b124-2890cf531f19]
+description = "Ongoing games -> Ongoing game: two moves in"
+
+[199b7a8d-e2b6-4526-a85e-78b416e7a8a9]
+description = "Ongoing games -> Ongoing game: five moves in"
+
+[1670145b-1e3d-4269-a7eb-53cd327b302e]
+description = "Invalid boards -> Invalid board: X went twice"
+
+[47c048e8-b404-4bcf-9e51-8acbb3253f3b]
+description = "Invalid boards -> Invalid board: O started"
+
+[b1dc8b13-46c4-47db-a96d-aa90eedc4e8d]
+description = "Invalid boards -> Invalid board"
+include = false
+
+[6c1920f2-ab5c-4648-a0c9-997414dda5eb]
+description = "Invalid boards -> Invalid board: X won and O kept playing"
+reimplements = "b1dc8b13-46c4-47db-a96d-aa90eedc4e8d"
+
+[4801cda2-f5b7-4c36-8317-3cdd167ac22c]
+description = "Invalid boards -> Invalid board: players kept playing after a win"

exercises/practice/state-of-tic-tac-toe/state_of_tic_tac_toe.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+def gamestate(board):
+    pass