Fixed the Timezone Parsing Regression

[AbhisumatK]

Pull Request Checklist

Thank you for taking the time to improve Arrow! Before submitting your pull request, please check all appropriate boxes:

• [ x] 🧪 Added tests for changed code.
• [ x] 🛠️ All tests pass when run locally (run tox or make test to find out!).
• [x ] 🧹 All linting checks pass when run locally (run tox -e lint or make lint to find out!).
• 📚 Updated documentation for changed code.
• [x ] ⏩ Code is up-to-date with the master branch.

If you have any questions about your code changes or any of the points above, please submit your questions along with the pull request and we will try our best to help!

Description of Changes

This Pull Request fixes a regression where invalid timezone expressions were being incorrectly accepted due to a loose regex match in TzinfoParser. Specifically, strings like +03:00.34 or +03005 were being partially matched as valid UTC offsets.

The fix involves updating the TzinfoParser._TZINFO_RE regex in arrow/parser.py to include a negative lookahead (?![0-9.:]). This ensures that a timezone offset is not followed by unexpected numerical characters or delimiters, forcing a stricter match while still allowing trailing descriptive text common in "friendly" timezone formats (e.g., (UTC+01:00) Amsterdam).

Issue number #1294

Closes: #1294

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 100.00%. Comparing base (2224255) to head (5bb4332).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##            master     #1295   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage   100.00%   100.00%           
=========================================
  Files           10        10           
  Lines         2315      2315           
  Branches       358       358           
=========================================
  Hits          2315      2315           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Harness.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.